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In materials and product research and development, success depends on much more than just selecting and combining the right input materials.  Understanding the physical behavior of a formulation or material - how it flows and deforms as it responds to stress, strain and temperature - plays a critical role in manufacturability, stability, and application.  This also includes considerations regarding regulatory acceptance, Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) and Intellectual Prop

Semi-solid pharmaceutical products such as creams, lotions, gels, and ointments play a vital role in topical drug development, manufacture and application.  Their therapeutic effectiveness depends not only on the active ingredients, but also on the formulation's physical properties that include flow properties.  This is why rheological testing of semi-solids has become an essential component of pharmaceutical development.  By examining formulation responses to stress, shear a